The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (Successor), together with our audited consolidated financial statements for our most recently completed fiscal year set forth under Item 8 of our 2021 Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in Item 1A "Risk Factors" of our 2021 Form 10-K and other filings under the Exchange Act.
Fathom Digital Manufacturing Corporation was incorporated in Delaware in December 2021 as part of the completion of the business combination of Altimar Acquisition Corp II and Fathom Opco ("the Business Combination"). However, our roots stretch back over 35 years with the founding of several of our subsidiaries. The terms "Fathom" the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" as used herein refer to the business and operations of Fathom Digital Manufacturing Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.
We are a leading national on-demand digital manufacturing platform at the forefront of the Industry 4.0 revolution. Industry 4.0 utilizes e-commerce, automation, and data sharing in a cyber-physical system to communicate and cooperate in the manufacturing process over the Internet of Things ("IoT"). Using our expansive manufacturing footprint and extensive expertise in both additive and traditional manufacturing, we provide comprehensive product development and on-demand manufacturing services to many of the largest and most innovative companies in the world. Our unified suite of manufacturing technologies, processes, and proprietary software enables us to deliver hybridized solutions that meet the specific needs of our customers, empowering them to tackle complex manufacturing problems and accelerate product development cycles.
Our differentiated strategy focuses on speed, problem solving, adaptive technical responsiveness, and a technology agnostic approach across our 25 plus manufacturing processes to meet customers' design intent. This allows our customers to iterate faster, often shortening their product development and production cycles from months to days.
We seamlessly blend in-house capabilities consisting of plastic and metal additive technologies, injection molding and tooling, computer numerical control ("CNC") machining, and precision sheet metal fabrication. We operate over 530 advanced manufacturing systems across 25 unique manufacturing processes and a 450,000 sq. ft. manufacturing footprint, spanning 12 facilities located primarily within the U.S. We believe we are positioned to serve the largest geographic markets in which our customers are located and enable cost effective and rapid turnaround times for our customers. Our scale and the breadth of offerings allow our customers to consolidate their supply chain and product development needs through the ability to source through a single manufacturing supplier. Fathom's manufacturing technologies and capacity are further extended through the utilization of a selected group of highly qualified suppliers that specialize in injection molding and tooling and CNC machining.
We have experienced significant growth since inception both organically and through our successful and proven acquisition playbook, which is enabled by our proprietary software platform that allows for a streamlined integration of acquired companies. Over the past three years, we have successfully completed 13 acquisitions to bolster our operations and offerings. Fathom started as Midwest Composite Technologies, LLC ("MCT"), a leader in prototyping and low-volume services. Founded in 1984, MCT specialized in model making, industrial design, and rapid prototyping. Today, MCT serves companies through a variety of in-house additive manufacturing technologies, including 3D printing and processing, CNC machining, injection molding, and industrial design capabilities.
In September 2019, we acquired Kemeera, LLC to expand our additive, CNC machining, injection molding, and development and engineering services, as well as bring urethane casting capabilities. In December 2019, we acquired ICOMold, LLC ("ICOMold") to expand our injection molding capabilities and significantly enhance our customer experience by bringing in-house an interactive, automated quotation system capable of providing feedback in 30 seconds with an intuitive, customer-facing project management portal, which we have continued to develop and enhance. Our acquisition of ICOMold also expanded our capabilities into China.
In July 2020, we acquired Incodema, LLC and Newchem, LLC to expand our in-house manufacturing processes to include precision sheet metal engineering solutions, including a broad array of sheet metal cutting and forming solutions such as laser cutting, micro waterjet, specialty stamping, and photochemical etching, among others, for quick and complex, tight tolerance parts. In August 2020, we acquired GPI Prototype & Manufacturing Services, LLC ("GPI") to expand our additive manufacturing capabilities. GPI was one of the first metal additive manufacturing service providers in the U.S., bringing metallurgical expertise in-house and enabling the Company to produce metal parts with complex geometries for on-demand manufacturing applications. In December 2020, we acquired Dahlquist Machine, LLC to expand our precision machining capabilities with state-of-the-art CNC mills and lathes for high-speed precision machining of light metals, aluminum, and plastics. In December 2020, we also acquired Majestic Metals, LLC, further expanding our precision sheet metal fabrication capabilities. Further, in December 2020, we acquired Mark Two Engineering, LLC expanding our precision machining services and footprint in the medical device industry.
In February 2021, we acquired Summit Tooling, Inc. and Summit Plastics LLC, further expanding our plastic injection mold manufacturing capabilities. In April 2021, we acquired Centex Machine and Welding Inc. and Laser Manufacturing, Inc. to expand our high-precision manufacturing services specializing in CNC machining and medical device manufacturing. In April 2021, we also acquired Sureshot Precision, LLC d/b/a Micropulse West expanding our Electrical Discharge Machine ("EDM") services, and CNC and manual machining capabilities. Further, in April 2021, we acquired Precision Process, LLC specializing in CNC machining, engineering support, and EDM services.
Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations
As a result of a number of factors, our historical results of operations are not comparable from period to period and may not be comparable to our financial results of operations in future periods. Set forth below is a brief discussion of the key factors that may impact the comparability of our results of operations in future periods.
Impact of the Business Combination
Fathom is subject to corporate level tax rates at the federal, state and local levels. Fathom OpCo was and is treated as a flow-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and as such, has generally not been subject to U.S. federal income tax at the entity level. Accordingly, other than for certain consolidated subsidiaries of the Predecessor that are structured as corporations and unless otherwise specified, the historical results of operations and other financial information presented does not include any provision for U.S. federal income tax.
Fathom pays U.S. federal and state income taxes as a corporation on its share of our taxable income. The Business Combination was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities, including any identified intangible assets, were recorded at their preliminary fair values at the date of completion of the Business Combination, with any excess of the purchase price over the preliminary fair value recorded as goodwill. The application of business combination accounting required the use of significant estimates and assumptions.
As a result of the application of accounting for the Business Combination, the historical consolidated financial statements of Fathom OpCo are not necessarily indicative of the Fathom's future results of operations, financial position and cash flows. For example, increased tangible and intangible assets resulting from adjusting the basis of tangible and intangible assets to their fair value would result in increased depreciation and amortization expense in the periods following the consummation of the Business Combination.
In connection with the Business Combination, we entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement ("TRA") with certain of our pre-Business Combination owners that provides for the payment by Fathom to such owners of 85% of the benefits that Fathom is deemed to realize as a result of the Company's share of existing tax basis acquired in the Business Combination and other tax benefits related to entering into the TRA.
Additionally, in connection with the Business Combination, we have accounted for the issuance of warrants and earnout shares as liabilities which require re-measurement to fair value at the end of each reporting period, as applicable, and adopted the Fathom 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan which will result in higher share-based compensation expenses.
Impact of Becoming a Public Company
We expect to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company, including human resources, legal, consulting, regulatory, insurance, accounting, investor relations and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules adopted by the SEC require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that are not applicable to a private company. These additional rules and regulations increased our legal, regulatory and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.
Key Factors Affecting Our Results
Our financial position and results of operations depend to a significant extent on the following factors:
Industry Opportunity and Competitive Landscape
The market in which we operate is projected to grow from $25 billion in 2021 to $33 billion in 2025, fueled by growth in demand for additive manufacturing and continuing trends in customer outsourcing of production needs. We operate in a large, fragmented, and competitive industry, competing for customers with a range of digital manufacturers, digital manufacturing brokers, and regional design bureaus. We believe we are uniquely positioned as the only full-service outsourced solution built specifically to cater to the manufacturing needs of enterprise-level corporate customers. In particular, we believe we compare favorably to other industry participants on the basis of the following competitive factors:
Customer Product Life Cycle and Connectivity
We believe that a number of trends affecting our industry have affected our results of operations and may continue to do so. For example, we believe that many of our target customers are facing three mega trends which are disrupting long-term product growth models including (i) increased pressure to shorten product life-cycles, (ii) the demand for manufactured parts on-demand, and (iii) expectation to deliver products that are personalized and customized to unique customer specifications. We believe we continue to be well positioned to benefit from these trends given our proprietary technology alignment with Industry 4.0 trends that enables us to automate and integrate processes involved in manufacturing custom parts. The COVID-19 pandemic has also impacted the manufacturing environment. For example, the pandemic accelerated the digitization of manufacturing as companies pivoted to a work-from-home and socially-distanced manufacturing plant environment. As a result, the adoption of e-commerce was accelerated, which allows opportunity for us to provide valuable solutions to manufacturers looking to build resiliency in their supply chains through fast, on-demand manufacturers. While our business may be positively affected by these trends, our results may also be favorably or unfavorably impacted by other trends that affect product developer and engineer orders for custom parts in low volumes, including, among others, economic conditions, changes in product developer and engineer preferences or needs, developments in our industry and among our competitors, and developments in our customers' industries. For a more complete discussion of the risks facing our business, see Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
We believe our combined facilities are adequate for our development and production needs in the near future. Should we need to add space or transition into new facilities, we believe we have the ability to expand our footprint on commercially reasonable terms.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus as a "pandemic." First identified in late 2019 and now known as COVID-19, the outbreak has impacted millions of individuals worldwide. As of the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements contained in this report, our operations have not been significantly impacted, but we continue to monitor the situation. No impairments were recorded as of the consolidated balance sheet date, as no triggering events or changes in circumstances had occurred during 2021 or during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022; however, due to uncertainty surrounding the situation, and specifically as it pertains to the current global supply chain disruptions, and management's judgment could change in the future. In addition, while our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition were not significantly impacted, the extent of any future impact of COVID-19 cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The health and well-being of our employees is critical to our ongoing ability to operate and serve our customers. We are committed to ensuring the safety and well-being of our employees across each location and job function, which includes providing broad benefits to support their health and wellness needs. In order to address the challenges posed by COVID-19, we implemented a number of measures across our locations to ensure maximum protection for our employees and their families, including allowing remote work arrangements where possible. We continue to place the utmost importance on complying with governmental regulations and health authority guidance to ensure that the appropriate steps are taken to protect the well-being of all people engaged with our business.
Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $40.5 million compared to $30.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021, an increase of 32.8%. The year-over-year growth was driven by an increase in the volume of customers served, primarily through acquisition-related activity, and growth within Fathom's strategic accounts.
Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $12.0 million, or 29.6% of revenue, compared to $13.4 million, or 43.9% of revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in gross profit is primarily driven by a $3.2 million amortization expense related to inventory step-up adjustments from purchase accounting following the completion of the Business Combination on December 23, 2021.
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $14.8 million and $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. The $7.1 million, or 92.5%, increase in SG&A expenses were primarily driven by additional costs related to the Business Combination and going public.
Depreciation and amortization expenses were $4.5 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. The increase of $1.9 million, or 59.7%, was primarily driven by an increase in intangible assets related to the Business Combination resulting in amortization expenses associated with those assets.
Operating loss was $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and operating income was $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The operating loss was primarily driven by additional costs related to the Business Combination and going public, including non-cash amortization of inventory step-up from purchase accounting, professional fees and additional employees.
Interest Expense and Other Expense (Income)
Interest expense was $1.5 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease in interest expense is primarily due to lower debt at March 31, 2022 as compared to March 31, 2021 and lower interest rates during the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021.
Other expenses were $0.1 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease in other expenses of $1.3 million is due to non-recurring expenses related to the Summit acquisition that took place in the period ending March 31, 2021.
Other income was $27.2 million and $0.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. The increase in other income of $27.2 million represents the changes in fair value in the Earnout Share liabilities and the Warrant liability during the three months ended March 31, 2022 of $19.0 million and $8.1 million, respectively.
We recorded a tax expense of $0.5 million and $0.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 the tax expenses were impacted by permanent difference with respect to gains and losses recorded on the earn-out share liability, sponsor share liability and warrant liabilities. During the 2021 predecessor period, certain subsidiaries of Fathom OpCo which were previously held as corporations for U.S. federal tax purposes, were reorganized into flow-through entities in non-taxable transactions. As a result, deferred tax liabilities pertaining to the corporate subsidiaries were reversed as income tax benefits during the 2021 predecessor period.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), which are non-GAAP financial measures that we use to supplement our results presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We believe Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA are useful in evaluating our operating performance, as they are similar to measures reported by our public competitors and regularly used by securities analysts, institutional investors and other interested parties in analyzing operating performance and prospects. Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA are not intended to be a substitute for any U.S. GAAP financial measure and, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of performance of other companies within our industry or in other industries. These non-GAAP financial measures supplement and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of our, U.S. GAAP results.
We include these non-GAAP financial measures because they are used by management to evaluate Fathom's core operating performance and trends and to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and new investments. Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain expenses that are required in accordance with U.S. GAAP because they are non-recurring (for example, in the case of transaction-related costs), non-cash (for example, in the case of depreciation and amortization) or are not related to our underlying business performance (for example, in the case of interest income and expense).
We define and calculate Adjusted Net Income (Loss) as net loss before the impact of any increase or decrease in the estimated fair value of the Company's warrants and earnout shares as well as transaction-related costs and certain other non-cash and non-core items.
(1) Represents expenses incurred related to business acquisitions; (2) Represents the income statement impacts from the change in fair value related to both the Sponsor Earnout Share liability, the Fathom Earnout Share liability, and the Warrant liability associated with the Business Combination; (3) Represents adjustments for other integration, non-recurring, non-operating, cash, and non-cash costs related primarily to integration costs for new acquisitions, severance, and management fees paid to our principal owner.
We define and calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before the impact of interest income or expense, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization, and further adjusted for the following items: transaction-related costs, the impact of any increase or decrease in the estimated fair value of the Company's warrants and earnout shares, and certain other non-cash and non-core items, as described in the reconciliation included below.
The table below presents our Adjusted EBITDA reconciled to net income (loss), the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods indicated.
(1) Represents expenses incurred related to business acquisitions; (2) Represents the impacts from the change in fair value related to both the earnout share liabilities and the warrant liabilities associated with the Business Combination; (3) Represents adjustments for other integration, non-recurring, non-operating, cash, and non-cash costs related primarily to integration costs for new acquisitions, severance, and management fees paid to our principal owner.
We measure liquidity in terms of our ability to fund the cash requirements of our business operations, including working capital and capital expenditure needs, contractual obligations and other commitments, with cash flows from operations and other sources of funding. Our current working capital needs relate mainly to our growth strategies, including business combination activity, capital equipment investments, and business development efforts, as well as compensation and benefits of our employees. In addition, under our New Credit Agreement, the Company is subject to various financial covenants, including quarterly net leverage and interest coverage covenants. As of March 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenant requirements. Our ability to expand and grow our business will depend on many factors, including our working capital needs and the evolution of our operating cash flows.
We had $12.0 million in cash as of March 31, 2022. We believe our operating cash flows, together with amounts available under the New Credit Agreement and our cash on hand will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements during the next 12 months.
We may, however, need additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other developments, including unanticipated regulatory developments, significant acquisitions and competitive pressures. We expect our capital expenditures and working capital requirements to continue to increase in the immediate future, as we seek to expand our product offerings across more of the U.S. Our capital expenditures in 2021 of $9.0 million equaled approximately 6.0% of annual revenue We believe that our annual future growth capital expenditures, excluding any expenditures for buildings and maintenance capital we might purchase for our operations, are likely to be approximately 6.0% of annual revenue. To the extent that our current resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may need to seek additional equity or debt financing. If the needed financing is not available, or if the terms of financing are less desirable than we expect, we may be forced to decrease our level of investment in new product launches and related marketing initiatives or to scale back our existing operations, which could have an adverse impact on our business and financial prospects. See Note 3-Business Combination with Fathom OpCo in the accompanying notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for further information.
Borrowings and Lines of Credit
On December 23, 2021, the Company entered into the New Credit Agreement, which included a $50.0 million revolving credit facility and a $125.0 million term loan. The Company's borrowings under the revolving credit facility were $22.0 million at March 31, 2022. The loans obtained under the New Credit Agreement will mature in December 2026.
The Company recorded deferred financing costs of $1.8 million in conjunction with the New Credit Agreement and the balance is presented within Long-Term debt, net on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company amortizes the deferred financing costs using the effective interest method.
The revolving credit facility under the New Credit Agreement is available for working capital and other general corporate purposes and includes a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $5.0 million. The New Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted incremental facility, which, subject to certain conditions, provides for additional term loan facilities, an increase in commitments under the New Credit Agreement and/or an increase in commitments under the revolving credit facility, in an aggregate amount of up to $100 million.
In connection with the Business Combination, we entered into the TRA with certain of our pre-Business Combination owners that provides for the payment by Fathom to such owners of 85% of the benefits that Fathom is deemed to realize as a result of the Company's share of existing tax basis acquired in the Business Combination and other tax benefits related to entering into the TRA.
Actual tax benefits realized by Fathom may differ from tax benefits calculated under the TRA as a result of the use of certain assumptions in the TRA, including the use of an assumed weighted-average state and local income tax rate to calculate tax benefits. While the amount of existing tax basis, the anticipated tax basis adjustments and the actual amount and utilization of tax attributes, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the TRA, will vary depending upon a number of factors, we expect that the payments that Fathom may make under the TRA will be substantial. As of March 31, 2022, we do not expect to make any material payments within the next two years, and anticipate payments to become more material beginning in 2024.
Net cash provided from operating activities was $0.8 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease of $1.3 million is primarily driven by additional depreciation and amortization resulting from the increase in property and equipment and intangible assets from the Business Combination.
Cash used in investing activities of $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 represents capital expenditures. Cash used in investing activities of $12.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 represents the cash used in the acquisition of Summit of $10.8 million and capital expenditures of $1.3 million.
Cash used in financing activities of $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was due to payments made on the term loan and the revolving credit facility. Cash provided by financing activities of $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily due to debt proceeds of $11.5 million for the Summit acquisition.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
Preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. See Note 2-Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2021 Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies used in preparation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements. We believe that the most complex and sensitive judgments, because of their potential significance to the unaudited consolidated financial statements, result primarily from the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain and are described subsequently. Actual results could differ from management's estimates.
We account for business acquisitions in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805"). We measure the cost of an acquisition as the aggregate of the acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred and liabilities assumed and equity instruments issued. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. We record goodwill for the excess of (i) the total costs of acquisition, fair value of any non-controlling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquired business over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquired business.
The acquisition method of accounting requires us to exercise judgment and make estimates and assumptions based on available information regarding the fair values of the elements of a business combination as of the date of acquisition, including the fair values of identifiable intangible assets, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, liabilities related to uncertain tax positions and contingencies. We must also refine these estimates over a one-year measurement period, to reflect any new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. If we are required to retroactively adjust provisional amounts that we have recorded for the fair value of assets and liabilities in connection with an acquisition, these adjustments could materially impact our results of operations and financial position. Estimates and assumptions that we must make in estimating the fair value of future acquired technology, user lists and other identifiable intangible assets include future cash flows that we expect to generate from the acquired assets. If the subsequent actual results and updated projections of the underlying business activity change compared with the assumptions and projections used to develop these values, we could record impairment charges. In addition, we have estimated the economic lives of certain acquired assets and these lives are used to calculate depreciation and amortization expense. If our estimates of the economic lives change, depreciation or amortization expenses could be accelerated or slowed, which could materially impact our results of operations.
We recognize goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"). Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the fair value amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year, and is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. An impairment charge for goodwill is recognized only when the estimated fair value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, is less than its carrying amount. As of March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, no impairment charges for goodwill have been recognized.
We recognize intangibles assets in accordance with ASC 350. Acquired intangible assets subject to amortization are stated at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Intangible assets that are subject to amortization are reviewed for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Assets not subject to amortization are tested for impairment at least annually. As of March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, no impairment charges for intangible assets have been recognized.
The estimates of fair value are based on the best information available as of the date of the assessment, which primarily incorporates management assumptions about expected future cash flows. Although these assets are not currently impaired, there can be no assurance that future impairments will not occur. See Note 2-Business Combination with Fathom OpCo, and Note 5-Goodwill and Intangible Assets in the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information.
Revenue Recognition from Contracts with Customers
Most of the Company's revenue has one performance obligation and is recognized on a point-in-time basis upon shipment. The majority of the Company's injection molding contracts have multiple performance obligations including one obligation to produce the mold and sample part and a second obligation to produce production parts. For injection molding contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price and recognizes revenue for each performance obligation on a point-in-time basis upon shipment. We generally determine standalone selling price based on the price charged to customers. The Company's payments terms are consistent with industry standards and never exceed 12 months.
Our contingent liabilities, which are included within the "Other non-current liabilities" caption on our consolidated balance sheets, are uncertain by nature and their estimation requires significant management judgment as to the probability and estimation of the amount of liability. These contingencies include, but may not be limited to, warrants, TRA liabilities, earnout shares, litigation, and management's evaluation of complex laws and regulations, including those relating to indirect taxes, and the extent to which they may apply to our business and industry. See Note 13-Fair Value Measurement and Note 14-Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information.
We regularly review our contingencies to determine whether the likelihood of a liability is probable and to assess whether a reasonable estimate of the liability can be made. Determination of whether a liability estimate can be made is a complex undertaking that considers the judgement of management, third-party research, the prospect of negotiation and interpretations by regulators and courts, among other information. When liabilities can be reasonably estimated, an estimated contingent liability is recorded. We continually reevaluate our indirect tax and other positions for appropriateness.
Earnout Shares Liabilities and Warrant Liability
The fair values of the Sponsor earnout shares liability, Fathom earnout shares liability, and Warrants liability were determined using Monte Carlo simulations that have various significant unobservable inputs. The assumptions used could have a material impact on the valuation of these liabilities, and include our best estimate of expected volatility, expected holding periods and appropriate discounts for lack of marketability. Changes in the estimated fair values of these liabilities may have material impacts on our results of operations in any given period, as any increases in these liabilities have a corresponding negative impact on our U.S. GAAP results of operations in the period in which the changes occur. See Note 2 - Business Combination with Fathom OpCo and Note 6 - Warrant Liability in the accompanying notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for more information.
Impact of Changes in Accounting on Recent and Future Trends
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Section A - Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The standard requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet and retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous lease guidance. The Company adopted this standard and related amendments in the first quarter of 2022, using the modified retrospective approach.
The modified retrospective approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption with a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. The Company elected the package of practical expedients which permits the Company to not reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) any initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases as of the effective date. The Company also elected the practical expedient lease considerations to not allocate lease considerations between lease and non-lease components for real estate leases. As such, real estate lease considerations are treated as a single lease-component and accounted for accordingly.
The Company applied a portfolio approach to effectively account for the lease liabilities and right-of-use lease assets. The Company excludes leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the application of Topic 842.
Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of $3,122 and $8,195 of current lease liabilities and long-term lease liabilities, respectively, and $11,986 in corresponding right-of-use lease assets. The difference between the approximate value of the right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities is attributable to future rent escalations. The cumulative change in the beginning accumulated deficit was $82 due to the adoption of Topic 842. There was no material impact on the Company's consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statements cash flows. The Company's comparative periods continue to be presented and disclosed in accordance with legacy guidance in Topic 840.
Emerging Growth Company Accounting Election
Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 ("JOBS Act") exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. Altimar II was an emerging growth company as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Fathom is expected to remain an emerging growth company at least through the end of the 2022 and is expected to continue to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare Fathom financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions for emerging growth companies because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
© Edgar Online, source Glimpses